Percentage removal of ammonia by clinoptilolite for exposure time of 60 and 180min Based on the conducted investigations ammonia is adsorbed with higher efficiency from the solutions at low concentrations. The highest removal level of ammonia reached by clinoptilolite was in the range of 89.92- …

Q. Compare the merits and demerits of ion exchange process and zeolite process used for water softening. Ans: Merits of ion-exchange process: Ø The process can be used to soften highly acidic or alkaline water. Ø It produces water of very low hardness (say 2ppm). Ø It is very good for treating water for use in high-pressure boiler.

US2748077A US313741A US31374152A US2748077A US 2748077 A US2748077 A US 2748077A US 313741 A US313741 A US 313741A US 31374152 A US31374152 A US 31374152A US 2748077 A US2748077 A US 2748077A Authority US United States Prior art keywords water zeolite lime conduit hot Prior art date 1952-10-08 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion.

Measurements used to express water hardness in ion-exchange differ from units used in lime-soda softening. Hardness is expressed as grains per gallon rather than mg/l of calcium carbonate. 1 grain/gallon 17.12 mg/l . If water contains 10 grains of hardness, would hardness be expressed 171.2 mg/l? 10 grains x 17.12 mg/l / grain = 171.2 mg/l of

zeolite were almost the same, despite the zeolite type and cell densities. However,H-4A-200-50hada largeradsorp-tion capacity per unit volume than H-4A-300-50 because the honeycomb-type zeolite with 200 cells per square inch (CPSI) has thicker walls and higher dry weight than that with 300 CPSI. Therefore, based on their precision of

A) Commercial Zeolite: Hardness removal percentage approached equilibrium at 60 minutes (Fig 1). Further increase in contact time does not show significant change in hardness. This might be due to fact that, large number of vacant surface sites is available for the adsorption during the initial stage and with the passage of time. B). LPZ The

The Softening of Hard Water and Complexometric Titrations. An Undergraduate Experiment Article (PDF Available) in Journal of chemical education 76(10) · October 1999 with 1,404 Reads

modified zeolite, the total surface area of the modified zeolite increased, which resulting in an increase of the adsorbent effective adsorption sites. As the increased of HNO 3 modified zeolite dosage ranged from 0.6 g to 1.2 g, the removal rate of Sb 3+ increased from 69.2% to 88.5%, and when the dosage increased to 1.4 g, the adsorption

Feb 05, 2012· When the Zeolite is 'saturated', (all Na ions used up), it is regenerated by passing a concentrated salt (NaCl) solution through the Zeolite bed. This forces the Ca and Mg ions out of the Zeolite back into the water and replaces them with sodium.

Hardness of water can be estimated by the following methods: I –O.Hehner’s method: A) Temporary hardness is determined by finding the alkalinity of water before boiling and . that left after boiling ( temporary hardness is removed by boiling) Procedure: Pipette out 50ml of water sample in a conical flask, 2-3 drops of

Nov 20, 2018· Permanent hardness of water can be a removed by the following ways: (a) By the use of soda: Soda removes both temporary and permanent hardness. It is also inexpensive and easy to use. This makes it the ideal substance for softening water in the ho

Removal of Temporary Hardness. Temporary hardness present in the water can be removed by using the following methods: - By heating: Salts like calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate, when dissolved in water causes temporary hardness.

Jan 29, 2014· Zeolite process for water softening has become a commercial success for the reason that zeolite can be easily regenerated. When Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions containing hard water is passes through a bed of sodium zeolite, the sodium ions are replace by the calcium and magnesium ions. Na 2 Ze + Ca (HCO 3) 2 → 2NaHCO 3 + CaZe.

A STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF ZEOLITE FOR AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM COMPOSTING LEACHATE by Chuan-hsia Liu M. Sc., The University of National Ocean, 1995 B. Sc., The University of National Ocean, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF , MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES

Pitting of boiler metal may be prevented by: a. Preheating boiler feed water to between 80 and 105°C b. Cooling the feeder water to between 4 and 16°C c. The addition of sodium chloride to the feed water d. Softening the feed water before it enters the boiler e. Adding sodium sulphate to the feed water

Dosage study is an important parameter in adsorption studies because it determines the capacity of zeolite for a given initial concentration of Cd 2+ cations. The change in the removal percentage of Cd 2+ with the amount of the zeolite was followed up and the results are illustrated in Fig. 4.The obtained data reveal that the amount of removed Cd 2+ cations (q e) decreased with increase of

Removal of ammonia/ammonium . The most important property of zeolites is the removal of ammonia (NH 3) and ammonium (NH 4 +).In aquaculture ammonia is very toxic for fish and small concentrations of it will already lead to diseases and inhibition of growth. …

The following carbonate removal reactions apply: However, as in most cases water contains free CO 2, this will be the first to react with the lime to produce hydrogen carbonate: initially resulting in increased M-alk. and CaH before reaction (1) takes over. When CaH < M-alk. (water with calcium and magnesium alkalinity), we then have:

Effect of zeolite height variation on th e removal of 550 mg/l total hardness at flo w rate of 10ml/min.( Fit. Media wt = weight of mixed zeolite and sand used for filtration) 3.3.3.

From Papazian's Joy of Homebrewing: In the US temporary hardness is determined by a measure of bicarbonates [2(HCO3)].The hardness that bicarbonate ions contribute is temporary because it is easily precipitated (becomes solid) and is removed when water is boiled or treated with certain acids.